Master Permits and Sub-Permits: Understanding the Basics

If you’re starting a remodel or new construction, you’ll run into permits. The most important to understand are the Master Permit and Sub-Permits. Confusing them can cause delays, fines, or compliance issues.

What Is a Master Permit?

The Master Permit is the primary building permit — the city’s approval of your overall project. It’s the umbrella that covers everything else.

• Defines the general scope (new build, remodel, addition).

• Must be issued before sub-permits.

• Usually filed by the general contractor or owner-builder.

• Requires plans, surveys, affidavits, and often a notarized application.

What Are Sub-Permits?

Sub-Permits (or trade permits) cover the specialized work within a project. Each must be pulled by a licensed contractor in that trade.

Common types include:

• Electrical – wiring, outlets, lighting

• Plumbing – pipes, drainage, fixtures

• Mechanical – HVAC systems and ducts

• Fire Protection – sprinklers and alarms

• Structural – changes to load-bearing walls or beams

How They Work Together

• Master Permit = Overall Project Approval

• Sub-Permits = Trade-Specific Approvals

For example: a condo remodel gets a master permit for the renovation, plus sub-permits for electrical, plumbing, HVAC, and sprinklers. All must pass inspection before a Certificate of Occupancy (CO) is issued.

Why Sub-Permits Matter

• Safety – ensures trade work is inspected.

• Compliance – keeps everything up to code.

• Accountability – only licensed contractors can pull them.

• Records – clear documentation for resale or insurance.

Tips for Smooth Permitting

- Budget time and cost for sub-permits.

- Coordinate: GC pulls the master, trades pull their own.

- Keep copies of all approvals.

- Check local requirements — they vary by city.

Every master permit requires sub-permits. The master sets the stage, and the subs handle the details. Together, they keep projects safe, compliant, and moving forward.